Charles Lucas (1713-71)


Life
[pseud. “A.F.” for “A Freeman”; also “Civis” and “Citizen” in the Irish Freeman]; b. 16 Sept. 1713, at Corofin, Co. Clare; Benjamin Lucas and Mary [née] Blood; wrote an early work on the Kilcorney Cave of the Burren; known as a Dublin Presbyterian (‘dissenter’); he became an apothecary in Dublin, 1730, and later qualified as an MD (grad. Leyden), sustaining a profitable practice in Dublin afterwards; he issued Pharmacomastix (1741) a part-satirical pamphlet on fraudulent pharmicist-physicians; elected to Dublin Corporation, 1741, and engaged in suit against Alderman oligarchy at the King’s Bench, 1744; ed. of Citizen’s Journal, 1747, denouncing English restrictions on Irish trade; issued num. pamphlets against oligarchy in Ireland, and especially the vested Aldermen, usually printed by James Esdall of Cork Hill; issued the anti-Catholic Barber’s Letters [1749]; a freq. contributor to Freeman’s Journal, and sometimes called its founder though in fact established by William Le Fanu in 1763; declared a ‘public enemy’ and imprisoned by the govt. for ‘riotous behaviour’ in opposition to it at the by-election of 1748; escaped and removed himself to London to avoid trial, 10th Oct. 1749; issued Political Constitutions of Great Britain and Ireland, 2 vols. (1751), denouncing British misrule in Ireland;
 
visited continental spas and developed a knowledge of hydrotherapy; qualified as a doctor in Leyden (20 Dec. 1752), with a dissertation on gangrene; back in England, he issued An Essay on Waters (1759), a ‘hydrologia physico-chemica’ ded. to His Royal Highness the Prince, with a preface defending himself against hostile physicians especially in Bath (‘I do not, in fact, decry Bath waters; but show their powers in a different light’, p.xix); sought and received a nolle prosequi from George III and returned to Dublin, March 1761 - to great popular rejoicing; contrib. the Irish Freeman, fnd. 1963 and ed. by Henry Brooke [q.v]; Lucas took a seat in the 1st Irish Parliament of George III; introduced heads of a bill for the better regulation of several trades in the House of Commons, 3 Nov. 1767, resulting in opposition from the Catholic guilds; instrumental in securing the Octennial Act, 1768; issued The Rights and Privileges of Parliaments (1770), his last work; d. 4 Nov. 1771, at his home in Henry St.; there is a life-size marble statue of “Dr. Lucas” by Edward Smyth, 1772 in City Hall, Cork Hill, Dublin and much unreliable information about the subject, arising from confusions created by his enemies and himself. RR ODNB DIB DIW FDA OCIL

[ The Wikipedia article on Lucas gives a copious account of his charge that the Aldermen of Dublin had usurped the power of the Corporation - being the commoners and citizens of the City - his subsequent anathemisation as “pubic enemy” by the House of Commons, the Judiciary and the Viceroy resulting in his flight to the Isle and Man and onwards to London and France, together with the prosecution of the printers involved in the publication of his pamphlets. In the course of the controversy, he expressed support for William Molyneux’s [q.v.] argument for the independence of the Irish legistature (House of Commons and the limitation of English power in Ireland which he charged with responsibility for instigating every rebellion in the country. See “Charles Lucas” in Wikipedia - online.]

[ The entry in the Dictionary of Irish Biography (RIA 2009) - online - is by James Kelly. Both accessed 27.09.2023.]

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Works
Pamphlets

Incls. 20 “Letters” or “Addresses” to “the free citizens, and free-holders, of the city of Dublin”, written to promote his candicacy for the Irish Parliament, 1748-49 [infra] - viz.,

  • Pharmacomastix; or, the Office, Use and Abuse of Apothecaries Explaned [sic] (Dublin 1741)
  • The Complaints of Dublin [... &c.] by Charles Lucas, a Free Citizen (Dublin [Esdell] 1747) [incorp. Somebody's Letter].
  • An Address to His Excellency William Earl of Harrington, Lord Lieutenant and General Governor of Ireland, as it was presented to him, on Tuesday the Third Instant, with a preface to the free and independent citizens of Dublin, and to the free and loyal subjects of Ireland, in general. By Charles Lucas. Ded. to Earl of Harrington, Lord. Lieut. of Ireland (Dublin: James Esdell 1749), 15pp.[Ded. letter. signed C. Lucas, 3rd Oct. 1749; preface dated Dublin, 7th Oct. 1749.]
  • Great Charter of the Liberties of Dublin Transcribed and Translated into English with Explanatory Notes addressed to His Majesty and Presented to His Lords Justice of Ireland by Charles Lucas, a Free Citizen [May 1749] (Dublin: Esdall 1749), xlv, [in Latin, 18pp.; trans. into English, with ftns., 36pp.; [see extract].
  • Narrative and an Accompt Concerning the Hospital at Oxmantown-Green, Dublin, containing the sums of money subscribed [...] and disbursements made for Materials and Workmanship from the first beginning of the same until 1st May 1673. Together with the hopeful beginnings of Gifts towards future annual maintenance ([Published for the satisfaction of the benefactors, 1671; now Re-published for the information of the Citizens of Dublin] (Dublin: Esdall 1749), 52pp.
  • Genuine Letters between Alderman Kane and Mr, Charles Lucas, Concerning the purchase of the MILLS at Island Bridge; published by order of Alderman Kane; the second edition published at the request of several of the citizens (Dublin: Richard James M,DCC,XLIX [1749])
  • [...]
Monograph
  • The Political Constitutions of Great Britain and Ireland, 2 volumes [bound as 1] (London 1751) - available at Google Books - online.
Collected Works
  • The Political Works of Charles Lucas. Complete. Carefully Collected by Henry Holmes. For his own use, and to testify his Regard for that Eminently GREAT MAN. In Seven Volumes. (Dublin: Printed by Henry Holmes M.DCC.LXXXV [1785]), of which Vol. 1 is 96pp. [t.p. epigraph. ‘Who! Take HIM for all, in all we shall not look upon his / Like again.’ Shakespear] - available at Google Books online.
Medical
  • [Charles Lucas,] Pharmacomastix, or, The office, use, and abuse of apothecaries explained: the present degenerate state of pharmacy, with its manifold corruptions and adulterations, considered; and some essays on reforming thereof: humbly addressed to a Member of Parliament, with intent to shew the necessity of amending and continuing a temporary statute, for preventing frauds and abuses committed in the making and vending unsound, adulterate, and bad drugs and medicines, now near expiring / By the author of the scheme on which the said statute was founded (Dublin: Printed by S. Powell, for Abraham Bradley, 1741), 80pp., 8o.
  • An Essay on Waters: In Three Parts, treating, I. Of simple waters. II. Of cold, medicated waters. III. Of natural baths, bay C. Lucas, M.D. [Gk. inscription from Hippocrates], 3 vols. (London: A. Millar 1756), 386pp. Ded. to Earl of Macclesfield as Pres. of Royal Society [copy held in Bodleian Library available at Google Books online [Pt. 1, Pt. 2, Pt. 3]; see extract from Dedication to the Royal Prince, as infra.]
  • An Analysis of Dr. Rutty’s methodical synopsis of mineral waters (London 1757), 8o.
  • Letters of Doctor Lucas and Doctor Oliver. Occasioned by a physical confederacy discovered in Bath (London: R. Griffiths 1757) 23pp., 8o.
  • The theory and uses of baths: being an extract from the Essay on waters / by the late Charles Lucas, ... with marginal notes, by Dr. Achmet. Illustrated by some annexed cases (Dublin: J. Potts 1772) 95,[1]pp., 8o.
  • Instant Relief to the Asthmatic, or those afflicted with shortness of breath; being an essay on the nature of the lungs and their several disorders, and the only possible and certain means of cure proposed and demonstrated. With the places of sale of the remedy (London: M. Folingsby 1774), [2] 35pp., 8o. [prob. posthum. from MS].
Swiftiana
  • The Story of the Injured Lady: Written by herself. In a letter to her friend, with his answer. Now occasionally re-published ... With a short preface / By A. Freeman, barber and citizen of Dublin (Dublin:James Byrn[e] 1749), 15, [1]pp., 8o. [prob. written 1707; first publ. 1746; new preface poss. by Charles Lucas].
  • The history of the four last years of the Queen / By the late Jonathan Swift, D.D.D.S.P.D. Published from the last manuscript copy, corrected and enlarged by the author’s own hand (London A. Millar; Dublin: George and Alexander Ewing 1758), xiv, 3-249, [3]pp., 8o. [ed. by Charles Lucas ‘without the editor’s name’: ODNB].

See also Paul Hiffernan (M.D.), ed., The Tickler, Nos. I-VII. The Second Edition, Review’d, Corrected, and Augmented, with Notes humorous and serious; and an Epistle dedicatory to Ch[a]r[le]s L[u]c[a]s, Freeman. (Dublin 1748) [RIA Library].

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Criticism
  • Sean Murphy, ‘Charles Lucas and the Dublin Election of 1748-9’, Parliamentary History, 2 (1983), pp.94-95.
  • Sean Murphy, ‘Charles Lucas, Catholicism and Nationalism’, in Eighteenth-Century Ireland , 8 (1993, pp.83-102.
  • Sean Murphy, A Forgotten Patriot: Charles Lucas, 1713-177 (Windgates, Co. Wicklow 2009) - available online.

See also Sean J. Murphy, “The Lucas Affair: A Study of Municipal and Electoral Politics in Dublin 1742-9”, unpublished MA thesis [NUI] (UCD 1981).

[ See “Charles Lucas 300” Website created by Sean Murphy - online. ]

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Commentary
Samuel Johnson, “Jonathan Swift”: ‘He [?Lucas] had long been hardily singular in condemning this great man’s conduct [i.e., Swift’s], amidst the admiring multitude; nor ever could have thought of making an interest in a man, whose principles and manners he could, by no rule or reason honour [or] approve, however he might have admired his parts or wit.’ (Lives of the English Poets, ed. G. B. Hill, OUP 1905, III, 27; cited in Rosine Aubertine, MA Dip., UUC, 1996; but see further quotations from Johnson, in William J. Maguire, Irish Literary Figures, infra).

R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland (1988), p. 238: Foster, Modern Ireland, p. 239, ‘Lucas’s early career ... had in essence been made by the press; he founded the Freeman’s Journal with Henry Brooke in 1763, though it was bought back by the administration for a secret service pension of £50 in 1786. The Castle itself backed papers against Lucas in the 1740s; also remarks on his tracts on municipal reform; riotous behaviour during his candidacy for parliament, 1748, led to his imprisonment, [whence he] escaped to London.

William J. Maguire, Irish Literary Figures (1945), Apothecary in Charles St., Dublin; later MD and Fellow of Royal College of Surgeons, London; lucrative Dublin practice; His Pharmacomastix (A Scheme to prevent Frauds and Abuses in Pharmacy), arose at the expiry of the act requiring examination of pharmacies by law. It includes a satirical portrait, ‘Assuming a pedantic air, one of these gentlemen examines a tongue, and feels the pulse of the patient with great solemnity; then, in a long-spun jargon of technical phrases, - enough to raise the admiration of half the nurses in Christendom - he asks a set of unintelligible questions .. the wily quack, with weightily revolving humph - I thought so - I apprend - armed with fatal pen and ink, prescribes some pernicious burning spirit, which he calls Alexipharmic, not knowing that he is signing the sufferer’s death-warrant ...’ glowed with the same patriotism as Swift, though not the same power of communicating it. Left Ireland to avoid trial, 10th Oct. 1749. Samuel Johnson wrote of him, ‘The Irish Ministers drove him from his country by a Proclamation in which they charged him with crimes which they never intended to be called to prove, and oppressed him by methods equally irresistible by guilt and innocence. Let the man who is driven thus into exile for having been the friend of his country be received in every other place as a confessor of liberty, and let the tools of power be taught in turn that they may rob but cannot impoverish.’ In Addess to the Citizens of Dublin (1778), Lucas wrote, ‘Where there is one honest soul who thirsts for liberty, let it be my task to lead him, till he finds a better guide, through crowds of dignified slaves in gilded fetters, to the fountains of truth and liberty.’ The Public Register; or The Freeman’s Journal, est. by him, Sat. 10 Sept. 1763. Madden gives the dates of his various Addresses to the Freeholders of Dublin, and other publications, as ranging between 1741-1749, and from 1761-1771. There is a description of him in Hardy’s Life of Charlemont, ‘His bodily infirmities, his gravity, his uncommon neatness of dress, his grey and venerable locks, blending with a pale but interesting countenance, in which an air of beauty was still visible, altogether excited attention, and no stranger ever entered the House of Commons without asking whom he was.’ His epitaph at St. Michan’s reads, ‘Lucas, Hibernia’s friend, her joy and pride; / Her powerful bulwark and her faithful guide; / Firm in her Senate, steady to his trust, / Unmoved by fear and obstinately just.’ p.30ff.

Maureen Wall, Catholic Ireland in the 18th c., ed. Gerard O’Brien (1989, On 3 Nov. 1767, Dr Charles Lucas introduced in the Commons [68] heads of a bill for the better regulation of several trades. The non-freeman presented a long petition against it on 20 Feb. 1768, humbly hoping that while trade was under restraints from abroad, nothing would be established in favour of private societies checking the free exercise at home. If as it seemed these ‘pretended privileges’ of the guilds were condemned by common law, they hoped that they would not receive the sanction of any express[ion] now. The heads passed through the lower house, however. [68] Dr. Lucas writes to the guild of merchants congratulating them, saying that non-freemen will now be put ‘in some sort upon a level with freemen who purchase their freedom and [b]ear the burden of public office.’ The heads were rejected in the privy council where the Catholics employed lawyers to present their case, according to Matthew O’Conor [History of the Irish Catholics]. During the discussions of this bill, the Freeman’s Journal (15 Feb. 1774) printed a virulent attack on the Catholic Committee, alleging that papists were formed into clubs and societies, that they had bribed the house of lords and the privy council, &c., in order to break up all united protestant bodies. [71]

Stanley Ayling, Edmund Burke (1988), Lucas controversy, 1748-49 spilled over into patriot and courtier politics on question of Ireland’s dependence on Britain subject to a statute of George II; Lucas pamphlet (unnamed); Burke wrote several anonymous pamphlets, often eloquent, abounding in classical reference, but so carefully and weightily judicious that Burke scholars have failed to agree whether he was basically supportive of Lucas or contemptuous of him .. much likelier the latter [as] borne out by a comment [on his] ‘hackneyed pretences’ and ‘contemptible talents’ in a letter of 12 years after, by which time he evidently regarded him medically as a mountebank also [9]; see also under Burke, supra.

Christopher J. Wheatley, ‘“Our own good, plain, old Irish English”: Charles Macklin Cathal McLaughlin) and Protestant Convert Accommodations’, in Bullán: An Irish Studies Journal, 4, 1 (Autumn 1998), pp.81-102, quotes from Sixteenth Address to the Free Citizens and Freeholders of the City of Dublin (1748); Apology for the Civil rights and Liberties of the Commons and Citzens of Dublin (1748-49), &c. - as infra.

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Quotations

Essay on Waters (1756)
- Dedicatory letter to His Royal Highness

[...]

Without political health, life, with full enjoyment of natural health, and even with the greatest affluence of the goods of fortune, would be very dare from desireable, in mine estimation. The former, in fust preference to the later [sic], was certainly meaned by those wise and worthy rulers, [iv] who established, as the principal axiom of their polity, SALUS POPULI SUPREMA LEX ESTO.
 Every sensible member of our community must ever keep these things in view. Must love his country better than himself, and look upon the restorers and preservers of it's [sic] polity, as the GODS OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH.
  If YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS will permit me but to point out these, the motives of my dedication will be seen, and ward off the destestable imputation of adulatory or servile view upon this occasion.
 Amidst the numberless violent distempers, that have from time time assailed the state; amidst the many dreadful shocks and ghastly wounds, given the Body Politic, by weak or wicked governors, flattering, perfidious ministers, and corrupt counsilors, the onely enemies our happy realm can fear; none more iminently threatned [sic] a fatal dissolution, than those given by that perjured race of princes, that broke THEIR COMPACT with their subjects, soon after the solemn renewal of it, at their coronations; and thereby, absolved the people from their allegiance, dissolved the political constitution, and left the late REVOLUTION the sole expedient [v] for saving our religious and civil liberties from utter subversion.
 By this alone, the sollved civil constitution, that paragon of perfect polity, like the fabulous Arabian bird, from it's [sic] own ashes, rose more vigorous, more resplendent from it's [sic] awful ruin. The government was, as it was at first conceived and instituted, revived and re-established, by matchless wisdom and virtue; on which alone, it must at all times depend for support. Th head and each member of the government was respectively taught his particular duty, the function of his sphere, and the extent and limits of his power, privilege and authority.
 And thus we once more saw the REGAL OFFICE reinstituted,, by the POPULAR VOICE; again admored with all the MAJESTY of the PEOPLE,m untailed with destructive despoticism [sic].
 To counsil and assist this first, this great estate, ARIOSTOCRACY [sic], without OLIGARCHY, was joined; and ot balance the first and second, DEMOCRACY, without ANARCHY, was restored.
 Thus, the POLICITICAL CONSTITUTION was renewed; having all the excellencies of the best form of civil government, without any of their [vi] evils, unted in the three estates of KING, LORDS, and COMMONS, that constitute our GLORIOUS COMMONWEALTH; and their respective powers and privileges ascertained and bleneded, in such equal, such attemperating proportions, as strengthens, balances and secures the whole, and leave none of the constituent parts, not even the inferior limbs of our body politic, room to repine at his lot; since, the meanest is as free in his low, as the greatest in his exalted, sphere; and the last, as well as the first, gives his consent, in his proper person, or by his representative, to the system of laws, by which he is at once governed and protected.
 Who can reflect on this, and not exult at being born a BRITON? [...; vii]

[...] Yet pardon mine ambition, to let YOUR ROYAL HIGHNESS see my sentiments of loaylity and gratitude on this occasion; though I am, I hope, the Onely living subject, that can of a truth complain of having been denied the protection, that even criminals enjoy from our laws; having notoriously suffered the Oppressor's Wrongs, the Laws Delay, and the Insolence of Office, to say no more; and that without any taste or prospect of redress; Notwithstanding, I can call upon my bitterest enemies to attest, that it has not been in the power of persecution and adversity to pervet my senses, so far as to make me impute the unauthorised outrages of Substitutes to the PRINCIPAL, or make me one moment disregard or foRget the DELIVERERS of my country, the RESTORERS and PRESERVERS of our most valuable, our POLITICAL HEALTH.

§
Preface

[...]
My times and circumstances will not permit me to write and collate carefully and deliberately: Since tyranny banished me my native country, and corruption left me no means of a restoration; I layed my self out for completing the study of physic; for which, in a ministerial branch, I had before layed some foundation. It is easier to conceive, than describe, the uninterrupted series of affliction, anxiety, care, and perplexity, that has ever since attended me.
 These considered, it can hardly b expected, that this tract should apopear compeltely, or perhaps decently, equipped for a public appearance, before severe judges. But, such as it is, it must be given, or not at all. (p.xvi.)
[...]
Of all the various ill-natured means of detraction, that have yet been devised by these angry sages, the most remarkable, are the calling my moral and political character, and even mine understanding, in question, and attempting to cast reflections from my late profession: “Who is this, ”, says one, “that is come to decry our waters? ” - “A fellow, ” answers another, “that was forced to fly his own country, and will never be quiet till he is forced to fly this. ” - Tho this, I shall make no reply, I have been forced to fly by wretched country. But, let the tyrant slaves that banished me, tell why; and then, the judicious and dispassionate may discern who, by my exile, stand most disgraced. (p.xviii)

Available at Google Books - online.

Sundry pamphlets
‘There are none so dangerous, as those, who, in Publick, are Protestants by profession, in Private, Papists, in Policy and Practice. Those, who from Conscience, profess the Popish Religion, openly and honestly, deserve our tenderness and Pity, and are much less dangerous to the establishment.’ (A Sixteenth Address to the Free Citizens and Freeholders of the City of Dublin, 1748, pp.31-32; Wheatley, op. cit., p.85);
[Further] ‘Lastly, consider to what End have our Ancestors, brave free-born Britons, left their native Climate, to settle in this remote, and then uncultivated Isle? Was it not at the request of an oppressed King, and injured people, to restore their Rights and Liberties, and ot impart a free and generous Spirit to the Whole?’ (An Apology for the Civil rights and Liberties of the Commons and Citzens of Dublin, 1748-9, p.5; Wheatley, p.86.)
‘The Irish, in general, were absolutely treated worse [by the Vikings], than the Victims of themost Savage barbarians; as bad, as the Spaniards used the Mexicans;, or, as inhumanely, as the English, now, treat their Slaves, in America’ [Idem.]
‘No wonder they should have become implacable Enemies to their lawless, inhuman, perfidious, their worse, than Savage Oppressors: when we find the deluded Wretches, always treated, worse, than a good man could treat Brutes!’ (An Eleventh Address to the Free Citizens [… &c.], [q.d.], pp.8, 11; Wheatley [idem]);
 
The foregoing all quoted, with further quotations, in Christopher J. Wheatley, ‘“Our own good, plain, old Irish English”: Charles Macklin Cathal McLaughlin) and Protestant Convert Accommodations’, in Bullán: An Irish Studies Journal, 4, 1 (Autumn 1998), pp.81-102.

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Pentarchy: Great Charter of the Liberties of Dublin Transcribed and Translated into English with Explanatory Notes addressed to His Majesty and Presented to His Lords Justice of Ireland by Charles Lucas, a Free Citizen (Esdall 1749) commences with a Dedication in the form of a political history of Ireland which includes remarks on the original Gaelic kingships and the English crown of Ireland: ;As England had formerly been divided into a Heptarchy, so had Ireland, into a Pentarchy; in which State it continued, till it became a Monarchy, under the King of England, about the year 1172. (Ftn. cites G. Cambrensis, M. Paris, J. Brampton, R. Hovenden, Sir. J. Davies. (p.x.) [Available in Collected Political Works at Google Books - online [p.36.]

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References
Dictionary of National Biography cites Pharmacomastix (1741); Divelina Libera, an Apology for the Civil Rights and Liberties of the Commons and Citizens of Dublin (1744); behaved during his candidacy for parliament in such a way as to be denounced and threatened with imprisonment, 1748; escaped to London and the continent; Essay on Waters (1756); MP Dublin 1761-71; contrib. Freeman’s Journal from 1763; ‘the Wilkes of Ireland’ [ODNB article by R.D.] A son, Henry Lucas (fl..1795), ed. TCD, MA 1762, wrote occasional verse. See also Richard Ryan, Biographia Hibernica: Irish Worthies (1821), Vol. II,, p.381-87.

Esther K. Sheldon, Thomas Sheridan of Smock Alley (Princeton UP 1967), lists A Letter to the Free Citizens of Dublin. By a Freeman, Barber and Citizen (Dublin Feb 12th 1746/7 [B.M.L]; A Second Letter .. By A. F. Barber and Citizen. March 3 1746/7, 16pp. [R.I.A.]; A Third Letter ... Dublin 1747, 22pp. [R.I.A.].

Henry Boylan, A Dictionary of Irish Biography [rev. edn.] (Gill & Macmillan 1988), b. prob. Ballingaddy, Co. Clare; apothecary, Dublin; published pamphlet on abuse of drugs, 1735; campaigned against municipal corruption as councillor with La Touche [?Peter, or same as William George Digges La Touche, 1747-1803, partner in La Touche Bank, Dublin, or brother?]. Advocated independence of Ireland, and fled prosecution to continent, 1749; grad. medicine at Leiden, 1752; elected MP for Dublin, 1761; freq. contrib. Freeman’s Journal, fnd. 1763; pol. pamphlets published as The Great Charter of the City of Dublin (1749). Statue at City hall. d. Henry St.

Seamus Deane, gen. ed., The Field Day Anthology of Irish Writing (Derry: Field Day 1991), Vol. 1, calls him a regular contributor the Freeman’s Journal, and cites Sean Murphy, ‘The Lucas Affair, A Study of Municipal and Electoral Politics in Dublin 1742-49’ (UCD MA thesis, 1981).

British Library, Proceedings of Lord Mayor and Aldermen in a petition for salary of £500 to Dr. Lucas. [BML 1956 Cat.: Ireland].

Belfast Central Public Library holds Appeal to the commons and citizens of London (1756); also, Lucas’s Papers (1748);

Linen Hall Library, Belfast, holds 1) Addresses (1-20) to the free-citizens and free-holders of Dublin, 1748-9; 2) Appeal to the Commons and Citizens of London, 1756; 3) Divilina Libera, an apology for the rights and liberties of the Commons and Citizens of Dublin, 1744; 4) Magna Carta Liberalum Civitatis Dublini, translated with notes by C. L., 1749. Also The Horse and the Monkey, a fable, humbly ascribed to Mr. C. L.

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Notes
H. A. Froude, in Two Chiefs of Dunboy (1899), cites Lucas in connection with his paper, Citizen’s Advertiser (sic), in

Anti-riots: Lucas played a part in quelling the Smock Alley riots of 1754 [var. 1747] as described in Sir John Gilbert, History of Dublin; ‘In the course of the Kelly Riot [1747], Dr. Lucas rises and asserts the rights of the audience, proposing to settle the matter by the wishes of the majority, and ‘called upon those who were for preserving the decency and freedom of the stage to hold up their hands.’ (Gilbert, Vol. II, p.84.)

A Freeman: as a pamphleteer, he used the pseudonymous initials “A. F.”’ and also the full name, “A Freeman”. His pamphlets in connection with Dublin theatre are listed in Sheldon’s bibliography (Thomas Sheridan, 1967), p. 479.

Proto-nationalist? See exchange of letters between Sean Murphy and Sean Connolly in History Ireland (Winter 1995) arising from an article by the former referring to Lucas as ‘an Irish nationalist’ and a riposte in a review of another work by the latter in History Ireland (Autumn 1995). Seemingly Connolly has uncritically cited a forged letter, fathered on Charles O’Conor of Belanagare, in which Lucas is made out to be a Corporation politician and anti-Catholic bigot (p.10).

Portrait: there is a full-length statue by Edward Smyth in the City Hall [formerly Royal Exchange], Cork Hill, Dublin, from 1722. See ‘Edward Smyth, Dublin’s Sculptor, in Irish Arts Review, [Yearbook] (1989-90), p.72; also photo. ill., in Brian de Breffny, ed., Ireland: A Cultural Encyclopaedia (London: Thames & Hudson 1982), p.226.

Namesake: Sir Charles Lucas, with Sir George Lisle, shot to death [executed] by appointment of the Army [i.e., the Commonwealth] after their surrender at Colchester in 1648 - being objects of many contemp. elegies and celebrations of their loyalty to the Crown. Sir Charles Charles Prestwood Lucas (1853-1931) is an author on war in the British Empire (e.g., The Empire and the Anvil, 1916, The Partition and Colonization of Africa, 1922,and The Story of the Empire, 1924).

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